Gfilui

A few days ago I turn on my computer and when Linux started, the icons on the desktop look black, I tried reinstalling the desktop, the gnome-shell, updating but nothing happens. I attached a picture with the problem.

Probably this is due Compiz setting of the current user - for some reason they are mixed. We can experience similar issues when tring to tweak our desktop by using the package compizconfig-settings-manager.

An easy way to examine whether this is the issue is to login as another user - probably the icons will look as normal.

If you are delete all Compiz settings and logout/login, Ubuntu will create them with their default values. Another way is to copy the configuration files from another user's home directory.

You can use the following commands to find all directories related to Compiz and respectively to delete them (where ~ stands for the path to the current user's home):

find ~ -type d -name "*compiz*" -ls
find ~ -type d -name "*compiz*" -delete

I've tried the list and delete like in the first answer:

i.e.

find ~ -type d -name "*compiz*" -ls 
find ~ -type d -name "*compiz*"-delete

but it didn't work. So I remove and then install "compiz"

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade 
sudo apt-get remove --auto-remove compiz

WARNING DON'T SHUTDOWN BEFORE REINSTALL

Then install

sudo apt-get install compiz compizconfig-settings-manager compiz-plugins

Then install unity

sudo apt-get install unity

Finally reset it

unity --reset

Hope it will help.